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The hardest part of sticking to a workout routine may be starting it, but the second-hardest part is figuring out what to do when it’s time for another workout when you’re still sore from the first one. Below, I’ll share some tips for relieving that soreness—but, even more importantly, I’ll tell you what not to do. Perhaps the most surprising thing: you probably shouldn’t skip your next workout.
Here’s what normal exercise soreness feels like
Before we discuss what to do, let’s take a minute to understand how you’re feeling right now, and why. It’s not lactic acid (that’s a myth), but rather a phenomenon known as DOMS, for “delayed onset muscle soreness.” It’s most likely to happen when you do something different than what you’re used to. That might mean starting a new workout routine, but it can also happen to people who are already fit but try a new sport or even a slight change to their routine.
DOMS can feel pretty brutal, but it’s not serious. It doesn’t mean your muscles are seriously damaged, and you’re not going to injure yourself by ignoring it. Just to make sure we’re on the same page, normal DOMS:
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Hurts the most when you wake up in the morning or when you’ve been sitting still for a while
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Feels better with movement
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Hurts when you use the muscle and when you stretch the muscle
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Usually starts the day after exercise (rather than the same day), and may last multiple days
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Is often at its worst two days after the exercise that caused it
There are medical conditions that can also cause muscle soreness, so check with a doctor if you think there may be more going on than the usual DOMS situation. One condition worth keeping in mind is rhabdomyolysis, which is muscle damage that gets severe enough to cause muscle breakdown and kidney issues. Dark-colored urine (often described as “tea colored” or “cola colored”) is a huge red flag—get to the emergency room if you notice this. I’ve written more here about the differences between normal soreness and the kind that needs medical attention. But most likely, you just have a normal case of DOMS. If that sounds right, let’s talk about what to do about it.
Do some “active rest” or gentle movement when you’re sore
You may not feel like moving at all, but it’s worth fighting the urge to lie in bed. Once you get up and move around, the DOMS will start to fade, at least temporarily. Definitely do not cancel any plans for the day when you first wake up—that’s the worst it’s going to feel all day.
So go for a walk. That’s my go-to when I’m not feeling great. If you have access to a spin bike, moving your legs at low resistance tends to help relieve soreness. Cyclists will talk about “flushing” out their muscles with easy pedaling; whether that’s scientifically accurate or not, it does seem to help. If you’re into yoga, a day you’re sore is a good time to do some gentle yoga; you can even look up recovery yoga for some videos to follow. (Here’s a good one.)
Movement helps to relieve the pain of DOMS, but it doesn’t necessarily make it fully go away. If you sit down to watch TV for a while, the soreness will be back when your show is over and you get up. The only thing that can make it go away is time, so you’ll have to be patient. In the meantime, here are a few more things to try for temporary relief and to support your body as it naturally clears things up.
Take a warm bath or visit the sauna when you’re sore from exercise
Heat tends to make sore muscles feel better, so this is a great time to hit the sauna, if your gym has one. You can also use an electric heating pad like this one, or take a hot bath. Epsom salt baths are popular for sore muscles, but the minerals in the bathwater don’t actually reach your muscles. Adding them to a bath can still make it smell nice (get the lavender scented kind) and can make it feel like you’re doing something special for yourself, so use them if you enjoy them.
Give yourself a muscle massage
Gentle pressure can feel good on sore muscles, so consider treating yourself to a massage or asking someone to give you a back rub. A foam roller is a good way to give yourself some “self-myofascial release” (I’m convinced that’s nothing but a fancy word for massage), or consider a massage gun.
My colleague Meredith Dietz has a rundown of how to buy a good massage gun and another set of tips on the best recovery gadgets from massage rollers to lacrosse balls to free and DIY solutions. We don’t have evidence pointing to any specific device as being the “right” one to use, so you get to pick whatever feels good and fits your budget.
Eat well and sleep well
When you’re sore, it’s good time to pay more attention to taking care of yourself. Anecdotally, I find sleep helps to deal with soreness: If I stay up late, I’m more likely to be sore the next day. Eating plenty of protein can’t hurt, either, since protein is important to building muscle. And carbs are important for recovery and fueling, so I wouldn’t skimp on those either.
What not to do when you’re sore from exercise
Myths abound, so I want to call out a few specific things that you’re better off not doing.
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Intense stretching. Gentle movement is fine, but deep or painful stretches can cause muscle damage and make soreness worse.
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Ice or cold plunges (maybe). This one is a bit controversial, but there is evidence that ice baths interfere with the healing process, and probably aren’t a good idea to do routinely.
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Taking ibuprofen if you don’t really need it. If you need a pain reliever to get through the day, it’s fine to take one. But if you get into the habit of taking ibuprofen regularly—like after every workout—it can hinder your recovery.
Don’t skip your workout
When you’re feeling sore, you’re probably tempted to just stay home with some Netflix instead of taking your achy body back to the gym. But resting doesn’t help much in the long run. Beating the soreness for good comes from getting used to exercise, and you’ll never get used to it if you have to take a week off every time you get the idea to start again.
So go back to the gym, or head out for another run, or whatever is on your schedule for today. Make some effort to continue the schedule that you set up for yourself, whether that was a written program or a promise to yourself that you’d go to the gym a certain number of times per week.
First, do your warmup, but ease into it gradually. If you planned to go for a run, start with a brisk walk and then see how an easy jog feels. If it’s a lifting day, start with lighter weights than usual, and only add as much weight as you feel like you can handle today.
Even if you can’t manage your regular workout, you’re still doing something, and that’s buying you insurance against future soreness. You’re also not going to get anywhere near as sore after today’s workout as you did before. Scientists call this the repeated bout effect: Each workout (each “bout” of training) protects against soreness from the next one.
